Sanctions Issues
The questions that come up most often in sanctions matters, and the expertise each one calls for.
Designations & Listings
How and why a person, company or vessel is placed on a sanctions list, and what follows.
Read moreDelisting & Revocation
The routes to removal from a sanctions list, and the factual case each one requires.
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Sanctions Evasion & Circumvention
The methods used to get around sanctions, and how to tell them apart from legitimate trade.
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Secondary & Extraterritorial Sanctions
When sanctions reach people and transactions outside the country that imposed them.
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Frozen & Blocked Payments
Payments stopped in the banking system: why it happened, whether it was right, and how funds may be released.
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Asset Freezes & Frozen Assets
What an asset freeze covers, how frozen assets are managed, and what they are worth.
Read moreSanctions Licensing
General and specific licences, the grounds for them, and compliance with their conditions.
Read moreSanctions Enforcement
Investigations and penalties by sanctions authorities, and the remediation that follows.
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Sanctions Screening
Whether screening systems and the people running them did what a competent institution would do.
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Source Reliability & Evidence
How much weight the material behind an allegation can bear.
Read moreGovernment & Political Connections
What a relationship with a government, military or political figure really amounts to.
Read moreCorrespondent Banking & Trade Finance
How sanctions risk travels through correspondent accounts, letters of credit and documentary trade.
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Sanctions Clauses & Contract Performance
What happens to a contract when sanctions make performance difficult, costly or unlawful.
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Counter-Sanctions & Blocking Statutes
Where one country's law forbids what another's requires.
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Customs, Origin & Transshipment
Where goods really came from, where they really went, and what the paperwork shows.
Read moreSupply-Chain Risk
Sanctions, export control and forced-labour exposure hidden in the tiers of a supply chain.
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Oil Price Caps
How the price cap on Russian-origin oil works in practice for traders, shipowners, insurers and banks.
Read moreProfessional Services Restrictions
Limits on providing accounting, legal, consulting, IT and other services to sanctioned markets.
Read moreHumanitarian Exceptions & Licensing
How humanitarian work continues lawfully in sanctioned environments.
Read moreProliferation Finance
Financing connected to weapons of mass destruction programmes, and the controls meant to catch it.
Read moreCyber Sanctions, Crypto & Digital Assets
Sanctions on cyber actors, and the tracing and screening of digital assets.
Read moreM&A Sanctions Risk
Sanctions exposure in a target, and what a buyer inherits.
Read moreInsolvency & Restructuring
Running an insolvency or restructuring when a debtor, creditor or asset is sanctioned.
Read moreSovereign & Central Bank Assets
Immobilised state assets: what they are, where they sit and what can be done with them.
Read moreSanctions by Activity
Practical questions that come up in ordinary business when a sanctioned party or market is involved.
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