Industries
Sanctions bite differently in each sector. Experts with direct industry experience explain how.
Maritime & Shipping
Sanctions fall heavily on ships: on their owners, cargoes, routes, insurers and financiers.
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Banking & Payments
Banks are where sanctions are applied day to day, and where most disputes about them begin.
Read moreInsurance & Reinsurance
Insurers must decide what they can cover, what they can pay and when cover falls away.
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Trade Finance
Letters of credit and documentary trade carry sanctions risk in every document presented.
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Oil & Gas
Energy is the most heavily sanctioned sector, from upstream investment to the cargo on the water.
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LNG
Long-term contracts, specialised vessels and a small number of projects make LNG acutely exposed.
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Commodities
Traders need to know where a cargo came from, who handled it and who is paid.
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Mining, Metals & Critical Minerals
Strategic resources sit where sanctions, export restrictions and political risk meet.
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Technology, Software & Cloud
Software, cloud and IT services are restricted by both sanctions and export controls.
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Semiconductors & Advanced Computing
Chips, the tools that make them and the systems they power are the focus of modern export controls.
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Aviation, Defence & Aerospace
Aircraft, parts and defence goods are tightly controlled and easy to trace.
Read moreLogistics & Supply Chain
Freight forwarders and carriers handle the goods, the documents and the risk.
Read moreCrypto & Digital Assets
Digital assets move fast, across borders and often outside the banking system.
Read morePrivate Wealth & Family Offices
Trusts, family structures and high-value assets raise hard questions of ownership and control.
Read morePrivate Equity & Investment
Funds face sanctions risk from investors, portfolio companies and the markets they enter.
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Professional Services
Law firms, accountants and consultants are both advisers on sanctions and subject to them.
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Humanitarian & NGO
Aid has to reach people in places where sanctions are at their most severe.
Read moreNuclear, Space & Strategic Technology
The most sensitive technologies are governed by non-proliferation rules as well as sanctions.
Read moreLife Sciences & Biotechnology
Laboratory equipment and biological technology can be dual-use, while medicines are usually exempt.
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